Injuries Due To Cold



 Injuries due to cold are more frequent and urgent in military than in civil life. Local cold injuries are divided into chilblain, frostbite and immersion foot. Whereas chilblain and frostbite occur sporadically in civil life, immersion foot and hand are encountered almost entirely in the armed forces.
       Intense vasoconstriction due to the local action of cold and reflex vasoconstrictor stimulation is reinforced by the passage of cold blood through the vasomotor center. Vasoconstriction provokes tissue anoxia. Decreased muscular activity further diminishes the blood supply. Ice crystal formation does not usually occur, but when it does, necrosis ensues.